Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Apple - Essay Example This is a one of a kind strategy to apple. It contains a wide scope of items that invites support from numerous clients who buy them. The organization is a main trend-setter of cell phones. It appreciates most benefits from the offer of portable innovation than different organizations. The retail locations guarantee a solid client relationship with the organization. High estimating of wares separate it with the costs at Hp. While Hp has practical experience in production of PCs, apple exchanged and focused on creating cell phones. Apple appreciates a cost procedure to remain and support the market. Their items have a one of a kind innovation that appreciates the piece of the overall industry. In spite of the high estimating that stones the market, still the organization enrolls enormous number of deals. The clients accept that the items are of great in view of the company’s notoriety. This strategy puts the organization as the second most esteemed brand in the entire world. In spite of the high rivalry that is in the innovation business, apple despite everything utilizes high evaluating as system that empowers them stay applicable in the

Ethical Issues in the Non

Moral Issues in the Non A non benefit foundation can essentially be characterized as an association that isn't in the wake of bringing in cash yet in the wake of improving the nature of the human life. Clearly, to accomplish this, these associations need to go through cash which has been given. That has brought some arrangement of difficulties that would not have in any case been available, in a benefit making firm. Not at all like benefit arranged associations, where they balance their money books toward the year's end, non-benefit associations need to check every single aspect.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Ethical Issues in the Non-Profit Organizations explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a significant heap of work, taking into account that the associations are subsidized by contributors who frequently request to know how their cash is spent. What's more, money related strategies in non-benefit associations are ever evolving. For instance, these days the y are required to think about decline in estimation of fixed property (Solnik, 2002 ). One of the regular moral codes in non benefit associations is that, no single individual should benefit from the organization. That implies for these associations to keep running, they need to rely upon volunteers and gifts. Individuals should offer their administrations or product to the association for nothing. In one manner or the other, that conflicts with human instinct. Not sticking to this guideline, of free giving, has come about to the once time after time non moral cases. Laborers in the non-benefit associations should be straightforward. Genuineness is generally simpler said than watched. It is difficult to quantify how legit an administrator is the point at which he is assessing the yearly use. On the off chance that the chief under appraisals the measure of assets required, at that point the organization’s tasks may come up short. In the event that he over evaluations, he will be viewed as untrustworthy. It may be that by over assessing, the association will consistently have the assets required. In conditions this way, being fiercely legitimate may not be right for the association. Circumstances like this, generally presents extraordinary moral difficulty to non benefit associations (White, 2010). Non-benefit associations are required to uncover their dealings to the general population since they utilize publically fund-raised. Divulgence guidelines are intended to secure benefactors by persuading them that their cash is all around spent. Monetary revelation is the one that draws in a great deal of enthusiasm from general society (Phelan Desiderio, 2007). Non-benefit associations are required by the IRS to give complete honesty of their funds. They show all their money related use in their sites with the goal that everybody can see. Intentional divulgence law permits general society to think pretty much all the deliberate administrations being advertised . It empowers people in general to realize which administrations have been given on willful premise and which have been paid for. Exposure of the task plan and usage causes people in general to know about the specific activities of the association. Along these lines, the givers have the chance to screen the association and discover how productive it is (Svara, 2006).Advertising Looking for exposition on morals? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These exposure laws have from various perspectives helped in checking the people in the association, particularly ethically. The extraordinary straightforwardness present in the association rules out development of outrages. These laws additionally make it simpler for the contributors to confide in the supervisors of these associations, since the laws permit the inclusion of the givers in the tasks somewhat. At the point when the chiefs know that they are under the open investigation, they will undoubtedly deliver great outcomes toward the year's end. Exposure laws have improved the activities of non-benefit associations, and have made them serve the open all the more effectively (Silverman, 2008). References Phelan, M. E., Desiderio, R. J. (2007). Non-Profit Organizations Law and Policy, (American Casebook Series) (American Casebooks). Seattle: West Group. Silverman, M. G. (2008). Consistence Management for Public, Private, or Non-Profit Organizations . New York: McGraw-Hill. Solnik, C. (2002 , February 1 ). Not-for-benefits by the numbers. Web. Svara, J. H. (2006). The Ethics Primer for Public Administrators in Government and Nonprofit Organizations . Chicago: Jones Bartlett Learning. White, D. (2010). The Nonprofit Challenge: Integrating Ethics into the Purpose and Promise of Our Nations Charities. New Jersy: Palgrave Macmillan.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Ethical Issues in the Non-Profit Organizations explicitly for you for just $16 .05 $11/page Learn More

The Three Faces of Eve Essay Example

The Three Faces of Eve Essay The Three Faces of Eve Dissociative Identity Disorder, in the past known as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a dissociative issue where at least two unmistakable characters or character states are available. These various characters or characters repetitively assume responsibility for a person’s memory and is broad to the point that it can't just be clarified by absent mindedness (DSM-IV-TR 519). In the film The Three Faces of Eve, which depends on a genuine tale about a lady currently known as Chris Sizemore, is the account of how Dissociative Identity Disorder assumed control over her life. Chris Sizemore, earlier known as Eve White, had three subpersonalities. Every one of these subpersonalities had an exceptional arrangement of recollections, practices, musings and feelings. At some random time, one of them can come out and alternate controlling her practices (Comer 224). This case was an achievement in Psychology in the 1950’s and gave us our first look at what individuals managing Dissociative Identity Disorder are experiencing. Eve White is confronting a few indications that infer that she has Dissociative Identity Disorder. These manifestations are: Horrific migraines and power outages that happen before the character change occurs, voices giving guidelines, the different personalities utilizing separate names, garments appearing in the house that the individual doesn’t recollect having purchased, unfit to review significant data and attempting to make hurt oneself by forceful and self-destructive conduct (DSM-IV-TR 526-529). The film starts on August 20, 1951 when Ralph White brings his better half, Eve, to see Dr. Luther, a therapist, since she has been messed with terrible cerebral pains and spells of amnesia happening two times per week. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Three Faces of Eve explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Three Faces of Eve explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The Three Faces of Eve explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The storyteller expresses that in the wake of talking with Dr. Luther, Mrs. White is extraordinarily helped by the mental treatment. She has less and less-serious cerebral pains and no more power outage spells. That is, until the spring of 1952, when she buys $218. 00 worth of conspicuous, enticing apparel, endeavors to choke her little girl, Bonnie, deserts her family to visit her cousin, and afterward has no memory of what occurred. In view of these practices, Mr. White takes his better half back to Dr. Luther. Mrs. White confesses to hearing a female voice, seeming like her own, for as far back as scarcely any months advising her to leave Ralph and flee with Bonnie. This scares her so Dr. Luther consoles her that she isn't losing her brain since she remembers it as an indication of disease. He says â€Å"people losing their brains think hearing voices is a benefit they appreciate like individual radio gathering or implicit radar. † Eve White, Eve Black and Jane are the three subpersonalities that this individual is managing. Utilizing separate names for every personality is a manifestation of having Dissociative Identity Disorder. Eve White, otherwise called the essential, or host, character frequently shows up more than the others (Comer 224). Eve White is a discouraged, dull housewife, uncertain of herself, having power outage spells or amnesia, hearing voices and endeavoring self destruction. Eve Black is the gathering young lady who likes to be a tease, smoke, drink, wear tempting dresses, and is susceptible to nylon. Both Eve White and Eve Black talk with a southern highlight, however Jane, a quiet, complex, and reasonable lady has no emphasize and sounds knowledgeable and refined. During a treatment meeting, while at the same time conversing with her therapist, Eve White covers her face with her hands and is faced with an extreme cerebral pain. At the point when she turns upward, Dr. Luther meets the second character of Eve Black who plays with him and requests that he go out. She discloses to him Black is her original last name, she isn't hitched, and Bonnie isn't her youngster. Eve Black relaxes, removes her stockings, since she is adversely affected by nylon, smokes a cigarette, and gripes the workplace is excessively hot. When addressed by the specialist, Eve Black says she jumps at the chance to sing and move at clubs in the wake of having a couple of beverages and the following morning she gives Eve White the aftereffect. She clarifies that Eve White doesn’t know anything about her, yet she has a deep understanding of Eve White. This is known as â€Å"one-way amnesic connections, which is the most well-known relationship design, some subpersonalities know about others, yet the mindfulness isn't mutual† (Comer 225). Eve is admitted to the mental segment of University Hospital for perception and treatment. While there, Dr. Luther chooses to disclose to Eve White about Eve Black, and he shows Ralph how the two characters switch to and fro. During one of the treatment meetings, Eve Black grumbles that she needed to come out to prevent Eve White from slitting her wrist with an extremely sharp steel. Additionally, Eve Black began having power outage spells, as well. In past treatment meetings, Dr. Luther had been utilizing mesmerizing to switch to and fro to every character to converse with them and make sense of what the motivation behind every single one of them was. While utilizing mesmerizing, Dr. Luther meets the third character, Jane, who had to kiss her dead grandma farewell when she was six years of age. The horrendous youth experience is the way in to different characters rising as a methods for self-assurance in dealing with the pressure. On September 17, 1953, when Dr. Luther can draw out the subdued cherished recollections, Jane, who had no recollections, would now be able to recall her past. Likewise, both the Eve White and Eve Black characters kick the bucket that day. After two years, Jane composed a letter to Dr. Luther saying thanks to him and expressing that Eve White and Eve Black have not returned. â€Å"The three subpersonalities had converged into Evelyn, a steady character who was actually a mix of the others† (Comer 225). The film doesn't address this, yet I read in the course reading that â€Å"altogether 22 subpersonalities had approached during her life, including nine subpersonalities after Evelyn. She has now beaten her issue, accomplishing a solitary, stable personality, and has been known as Chris Sizemore for more than 30 years† (Comer 225). I accept that Chris Sizemore had Dissociative Identity Disorder, yet I accept that it created in light of the fact that she had Posttraumatic Stress Disorder when she was more youthful that was never analyzed. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is â€Å"an tension issue in which dread and related side effects keep on being experienced long after a horrendous event† (Comer 168). At the point when she was youthful, she encountered a few injuries in a three-month time frame that included seeing two passings and a sickening mishap. The Dissociative Identity Disorder started after these occurrences and helped her arrangement with the pressure that she looked at such a youthful age (Comer 225).

Testing Approaches For Component Based Software Systems - 275 Words

Testing Approaches For Component Based Software Systems: A Systematic Review (Research Paper Sample) Content: TESTING APPROACHES FOR COMPONENT BASED SOFTWARE SYSTEMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWResearch Survey Student name[Date]Roll no.Testing Approaches for Component Based Software Systems: A Systematic ReviewAbstract Component-based software engineering (CBSE) has emerged as a methodology that offers quick improvement of framework utilizing less assets and effort. If the components offer dependable services, the core idea of reuse and cutting down the improvement expenses can be accomplished. In this way, incorporation and testing of components become an important phase in CBSE. Incorporation or integration of components is a very significant activity in CBSE. This includes understanding correspondence and coordination between the components. Developers are not provided with sufficient information on these components. As a consequence, understanding data flow while incorporating these components is a challenge. Component-based software facilitates development of complex systems by allowing integration of reusable components. Testing components is a challenging area of exploration. There have been troubles integrating the components. This thus influences the quality and reliability of the software. Our research aims at finding the existing testing techniques and processes in Component Based Software System (CBS). The systematic literature survey is based on 7 articles gathered from numerous stage determination process. These articles have been published within the time span of 2010-2016.KeywordsTesting Approaches, Component Based Testing, Component Testing Process, Testing Strategies, Systematic Review.INTRODUCTIONComponent Based Software System (CBS) are primarily built from reusable components such as third party components and Commercial-Of-The-Shelf (COTS) components. Because of this, component based systems are developed rapidly with least engineering efforts and resource cost. Component Based Software Engineering covers many software engineering discipli nes and different practices. Many of them have been developed and successfully implemented. CBSE has been successful in certain designing areas, for example, distributed web based applications and office applications however it is still in the early phase of use in numerous different spaces, specifically those which have particular prerequisites on various quality properties.Component-Based Development (CBD) offers a drastically new way to deal with the design, development, execution and advancement of programming applications. Programming applications are gathered from components from a variety of sources; the components might be composed in a few diverse programming languages and keep running on a few distinct platforms or we can say that components are heterogeneous in nature.To ensure the delivery of quality component based software, efficient and proficient testing is the key process in software development. Component Based Software has implementation transparency property and its incessant heterogeneity raise a few troubles when the product is to be tried. Since segments are proposed to be reused crosswise over different items and item families, components must be tried sufficiently.Software component testing refers to testing that analyzes component alongside its outline, produces part tests, distinguishes segment blames and assesses component unwavering quality. So component testing plays very important role for the development of a quality component based software product. There are numerous testing procedures that are useful in component based testing in light of the fact that these are valuable to create data about the components and assess the validity of the part for the new software products or applications.Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are by far the most popular means used to interact with todays software The majority of the product's being utilized today is GUI based and the dependability and power of the product relies on upon how every pa rt works in as GUI is a standout amongst the most critical segment so it should be tried for practical rightness.The attributes of the GUI are unique in relation to that of routine programming as it is totally occasion based and progressive in nature. So an alternate representation "event forest" is made which is totally fit for re-enacting the various levelled nature of the GUI furthermore stores the occasion cooperation data.Most of the softwares today have GUI front-end and the newer versions are released year by year. The newer versions have modifications as compared to previous version. So to test the modified GUI, regression testing is performed which reuses the test cases from the old GUI.The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we describe the method we followed for systematic survey. It includes our research questions, search strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria in selection of the articles, and quality assessment of the articles. In Section 3 we discu ss our results. Conclusions are presented in Section 4.RESEARCH METHODIn doing the systematic literature survey we followed the guidelines provided by researchers in ADDIN EN.CITE J. Biolchini20056[1]6617J. Biolchini, P.G. Mian, A.C. Natali, G.H. TravassosSystematic Review in Software Engineering: Relevance and UtilityTechnical Report ES-679/05, PESC-COPPE/UFRJ Available at Report ES-679/05, PESC-COPPE/UFRJ Available at [1]. According to ADDIN EN.CITE J. Biolchini20056[1]6617J. Biolchini, P.G. Mian, A.C. Natali, G.H. TravassosSystematic Review in Software Engineering: Relevance and UtilityTechnical Report ES-679/05, PESC-COPPE/UFRJ Available at Report ES-679/05, PESC-COPPE/UFRJ Available at [1], a systematic literature survey is a systematic process of finding and assessing the available research related to particular questions of interest. An important reason for undertaking such a study is to identify areas of further investigation/research.A. Research Questions we formulated the following objectives. 1 Survey of existing testing techniques for CBS. 2 Understand Component Testing Process. 3 Compare the existing techniques and find scope for overcoming the challenges. 4 Identify the issues in determining the testability of components. 5 A document containing a formal report of the above mentioned objectives.To get good understanding of the above mentioned, we formulated research questions. These are as follows. 1 What is the state of art in testing of software components? 2 What are the different phases in testing CBS? 3 What are the existing techniques? 4 How does component testing process work? 5 What is the effectiveness of component testing process? 6 How is testability of components determined?B. Search StrategyOur search strategy is based on the following.1) Identification of search terms to find articles that relate to our research questions. The search terms alternate words and synonyms. The following search terms are used in our search strategy component-based software, componentbased software system testing techniques, COTS, components, challenges, testing challenges, testability, components behaviour(u)r, testing process, component testing process.2) Use of Boolean AND to join the search terms and use of Boolean OR to join synonyms/alternate words.3) We used a multiple-phase strategy for searching. Firstly, we searched electronic databases. We chose the 2010 as the starting year of search. We searched within the following electronic database:- ACM Digital Library.To limit the number of articles in every search, we selected the articles available in full text. We then selected the articles based on abstract. In the second stage, we scanned references and selected a few that were available in the above mentioned journal only.C. Inclusion/Exclusion criteriaCBS is a vast field of research. To constrain our exploration to software testing, i.e. as per our exploration questions we defined criteria to incorporate and avoid arti cles in our study. We connected the accompanying consideration criteria.- Published within the time span of 2010 2016- Article available in full text- Articles can be on controlled experiments, literature survey or industrial practice- Articles on models or frameworks for testing- Articles evaluating on existing models or extending the modelsWe applied the following exclusion criteria.- Articles not related to Software Engineering/Computer Science- Articles that do not match the inclusion criteria- Articles not related to Software Testing- Articles on test plan- Articles on Metrics- Articles on Maintenance- Articles on Service oriented software systems, Object Oriented software systems- Articles on software testing toolsD. Quality assessmentQuality data is essential in synthesis of the results ADDIN EN.CITE J. Biolchini20056[1]6617J. Biolchini, P.G. Mian, A.C. Natali, G.H. TravassosSystematic Review in Software Engineering: Relevance and UtilityTechnical Report ES-679/05, PESC-COP PE/UFRJ Available at Report ES-679/05, PESC-COPPE/UFRJ Available at [1]. We applied the following criteria to select studies of good quality.- Is the reader able to understand the aims of the research?- Is the context of study clearly stated?- Is the study verified/ assumptions proved?-Is the research useful to software industry/research community?- Are the conclusions related to the aim and the very purpose of the goal of the research?RESULTSIn this section, we describe the results of our search. We classified the results into three parts. These are: * Testing techniques * Testing process * TestabilityTables 1, 2 and 3 show the distribution of papers pertaining to the above classi...

Essay about My First Chat Room Experience - 1402 Words

My First Chat Room Experience Perhaps some of the most amusing sites to visit on the Internet are the online communities. Given this topic, I was forced, although it was inevitable experience hardly avoidable, to do some self exploration by entering the intriguing world of chat communities. Communities designed for talk, friendship, romance, entertainment, education, support, or even pleasure. With the variety of topics I had the opportunity to explore, I was exposed to all of these options. Initially, my first experience was frustrating and awkward. However, as I became more familiar with the sites, I was able to navigate around quicker and acquire helpful information and resources. In essence, entering the online community world has†¦show more content†¦The nameless nature of the experience avoids judgment, discrimination, and all bias. Further, it allows for not only self exploration but the truthful investigation of different people and personalities throughout the world. Since it was a personal choice as to what topic we would like to explore in the communities, I chose a topic which I was not only interested in, but one which I could gain, as well as, offer helpful insight into. This motivation first led me to research the subject of butterflies. People may wonder, why research an online community focusing on butterflies? Well actually it is quite simple. Basically, I have always been and always will be intrigued by these fascinating creatures. Moreover, I have often wondered if others share in my interest and concern over their diminishing populations due to human exploitation. In essence, curiosity was the main motivating factor behind my choice. Although there is hardly a lack of butterfly websites, I was surprised and truly disappointed to discover the lack of any existing butterfly chat rooms. Even after extensive research, specifically, visiting each site and searching for chat rooms, I still had no success. While this discovery was discouragi ng, I chose to continue with another topic of interest to me. This led me to search for Los Angeles Lakers chat rooms. Being one of the millions of fans, I wrongfully assumed that I would have no trouble locating a chatShow MoreRelated My Online Experience Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesMy Online Experience Being a college student, it is important that one learns to become computer literate. Although I have had the opportunity to go on the Internet, I have never had the opportunity to go beyond doing research, or finding information simply for pleasure. Up to this day, I had not entered the intriguing world of the online communities, and what they can offer. I really did not know much about chat rooms nor had the interested in finding out. From hearing on the news what takesRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Three Types of Online Communities- Chat Rooms, Social Network Sites, and Online Classrooms1455 Words   |  6 Pages(IM) services, chat rooms, blogging sites, social networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook, and online classrooms/school groups. I intend to discuss three of these types of online communities – chat rooms, social network sites, and online classrooms/school groups – and look into the pros and cons of using each of these. First, I will talk about internet chat rooms. A chat room is a site where users can talk live to other users. Users are online at the same time and can â€Å"chat† back and forthRead MoreQuestions On My Bingo Budget 1731 Words   |  7 PagesWays To Stay within Your Bingo Budget Do You Think It’s Safe To Go Over Your Budget? ‘My Bingo Budget TRUE Story’ I have loved bingo since a very young age, and it’s in my blood. 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Id also like to get this rank so that id be able to be rid of Hackers, and making sure all players are playing legitimately and not using exploits or dupping. With this rank I would be able to put rule breakers to justice as I love to do. Finally Id like this rank so that I may be able to really help the community in as many ways as possible ranging from sitting in support rooms, moderating forums, and moderating chat. Simply I just really would like to helpRead MoreSample Resume : Moutain Time Zone 1135 Wo rds   |  5 Pages(Include Previous Names Also): StealthyJett | Previous: Youngful Age: 14 (15 In August) Timezone: Moutain Time Zone | UTC -07:00 Gender: Male How many hours can you play each day? Weekdays: 6-8 Hours | Weekends: 8-10 Hours Have you had any past experience? Prime Pots (HCF, TEAMS, KITPVP, CREATIVE, PRISON): I started out mid June as a Trial-Moderator, I was accepted by one of the Platform Admins. At this current time there was ownership changes plus promotions, demotions, and changes to the serverRead MoreWhat Rank Are You Applying For?1398 Words   |  6 Pagescaps, and the amount of toxicity in chat. Id also like to get this rank so that id be able to be rid of Hackers, and making sure all players are playing legitimately and not using exploits or dupping. With this rank I would be able to put rule breakers to justice as I love to do. Finally Id like this rank so that I may be able to really help the community in as many ways as possible ranging from sitting in support rooms, moderating forums, and moderating chat. Simply I just really would like to helpRead MoreStaff Member Essay805 Words   |  4 Pagesto know that there are players who are having the best possible experience on the server. This also ties into the fact that alot o f players on the server arent currently happy with how long it takes to be moved into a support room. If I were to be a staff member, I would make sure that the first and last thing I do is check the TeamSpeak Support Waiting rooms, and move anybody who has been waiting, in order of their wait in the room. For example, say there was a player who has been on the serverRead MoreMaking Queer History : The Victors Write History922 Words   |  4 Pagescommunities are usually oppressed and erased. To add to that, we also belong to a culture that heavily depended on oral history. Today we have observed and documented what suits us. Rest of them are discarded or not spoken about. When I came out to my mother, she said that she had friends in college who were involved with people of the same gender. The concept of homosexuality was not new to her. But she struggled to find more resources to understand what her son was going through. I had the sameRead MoreMy Current Ign1264 Words   |  6 PagesIGN (Include Previous Names Also): Stuby is my current IGN. Click here for my Name MC profile. Age: I am 14 years old. Timezone: (US) EST Location: United States of America on the Eastern Coast (Atlantic) Gender: Male How many hours can you play each day? I can play a span of 4-8 hours on weekends (including Friday) and around 2-4 hours every Tuesday and Wednesday. This is a rough schedule of when and how long I usually play: Sunday: 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM, 2:00 PM - 5:00 PM 6:45 PM - 9:00 PM

Role of Transformational Servant Leadership †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Transformational Servant Leadership. Answer: Introduction The report here discusses about the role of Transformational Servant Leadership within organizations in the context of employee satisfaction and empowerment in business. To explain this report gives a brief description about transformational leadership and servant leadership in order to understand how transformational servant leadership works. There is also a brief analysis on Transformational Servant leadership where a personal experience shared and the attributes necessary for servant leadership mentioned. There is also compendium reflection on transformational servant leadership mentioned in the report. Role of Transformational Servant Leadership within Organizations in Context of Employee Satisfaction and Empowerment in Business Role Transformational Servant Leadership in Context of Employee Satisfaction Transformational leadership defines the leader as individual responsible for transforming the focus of the followers to achieve the organizational objectives rather than achieve their own goals (Van Dierendonck et al., 2012). The transformational leaders seem to inspire their followers and thereby improve their performance through guidance and better understanding of their requirements. Servant leadership is considered as leadership philosophy that mainly address the concerns of customer experience, ethics, and employee engagement thereby creating uniqueness in organizational culture where both followers and leaders are united for achieving organizational goals without authoritative or positional power(Parris Peachey, 2013).Thus, servant leadership refers to a transformational approach to work and life because it has the potential of creating a positive change throughout the society. This kind of leadership does not depend on any kind of training but is a resultant of an internal transformation. Thus, the leadership begins with a heart for serving people. Moreover, the servant leaders are not just leaders but are those who implement values in their day-to-day life. The servant leadership thus connects loosely to varied leadership styles and philosophies that include ethical, transformational, charismatic and even authentic leadership. However, since this leadership is the result of internal transformation and can help in bringing effective changes in the society and organization so it can be termed as Transformational Servant Leadership(3). The attributed characteristics of servant leadership include empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, listening, conceptualization, foresight, community building and commitment. However, servant leadership has an emotional connection to employee engagement. Transformational Servant Leadership characterized by empathy, listening, awareness, healing, conceptualization, persuasion, foresight and commitment to growth of others. Here, the leader tries to understand the core feeling behind their words (Kool van Dierendonck, 2012)). In this way, the leader listens to the needs and desire of the followers and is thereby being able to identify what provides a motivating factor for the followers. Transformational servant leaders believe that they are unable to succeed without the active participation of the followers. Effective listening by the transformational servant leaders also puts across a message among the followers that their opinions and knowledge are valued and that make them an integral part of both strategizing and decision -making process. Healing and empathy are also one of the important characteristics of transformational servant leadership (Mittal Dorfman, 2012). Empathy refers to the emotional aspect that not just refers to sharing someones emotions but at the same time also feel the same with the concerned person. Thus, empathy is the emotional connection that exists between the person empathizing and the person expressing. Therefore, empathy can also lead to healing which is a unique aspect of transformational servant leadership. Transformational servant leaders help their employees to heal through intent listening and expressing empathy. Thus, the transformational servant leader and employee share desire for wholeness, as the leaders believe that helping a person in distress requires trust building where the feelings of person hurt becomes a priority. This implies that the transformational servant leader also plays the role of a counselor who helps an employee to heal. Healing however starts with awareness and self-awareness strengthens a leader to identify not his personal strength but also the area for opportunity for the business. Not only do these leaders strive for their awareness but they also strive for the awareness of the employees. True self-awareness helps employees to acknowledge their imperfections and personal flaws and thereby act accordingly (Diddams Chang, 2012). In this regard, leaders can be aware of his followers by getting to know the person that is beyond the surface level. Understanding the employees leads to the creation a connection that is able to persuade them to action. Transformational servant leaders believe in building cooperation and consensus within group to persuade employees rather than using authoritative or positional status. Persuasion based on conceptualization that the leader has created for the follower and the organization based on interactive knowledge. Conceptualization is thus the ability of transformational servant leader to not only envision the future but also create and communicate the path for reaching the final goals. The transformational servant leaders also possess visionary qualities that are necessary for leading and guiding their followers. The visions derived from the dreams combined dreams of both the employees and the leaders. Therefore, communication of the vision is an important factor on the part of the leaders in order to fulfill them. Another characteristic of the transformational servant leaders is the foresight that helps in encouraging ethical and moral behavior. In this context, the example of the Enron failure mentioned where the lack of foresight of the leaders in anticipating the results that led to the collapse of the organization. Stewardship is another characteristic that the transformational servant leaders is expected to have. Steward can be defined as a person who is look after the needs of others. Similarly, the sincerity in carrying out this characteristic helps in the growth of the empl oyees and enhances employee satisfaction. The leaders must also be committed to ensure the growth of others. Thus, transformational servant leadership helps in the growth and development of the employees, as leaders are more interested to see their followers being more successful. Thus, this kind of leadership is people-focused as they contribute to the growth and development of the followers. These leaders also ensure providing developmental aid and coaching to the employees in improving their performance while at the same time having a concern for employees growth. Here one can draw in an example where investment made in an employee for developing his personal communication or writing skills. This not only benefits the organizations but also the employees who can applicable the skills even outside of the concerned organization (Choudhary, Akhtar, Zaheer, 2013). Therefore, this reinforces the importance of the employee towards the organization. Thus, employees emotionally connecte d to the organization thereby enabling them to better perform through community building and lead to success of the organization. Thus, Transformational Servant Leadership happens to have a positive influence on employee engagement and thus can enhance employee satisfaction. Role of Transformational Servant Leadership in Context of Business Empowerment Leadership Practices in Organizations identified as a key factor of success of the service firm because of environment based on learning, cooperation and customer relation. Moreover, the competitive nature of the service industry requires more effort and time for commitment in leadership activities. Leadership traits and styles considered important for attaining success in unstable environments include support to members, being participative and transformational. Thus, by using transformational servant leadership business can also get an empowerment as leaders tries to create a culture that ensures empowerment of its subordinates through guidance and proper training (Clavelle et al., 2012). Additionally, the leaders also possess the capacity of satisfying external customers who are responsible for empowering the business. Thus, the transformational servant leaders ensure the following so that businesses or organizations can achieve their required goals. Ensuring that subordinates have sufficient training to achieve goals Providing the subordinates with adequate resources for achieving goals Ensuring employees have professional growth. Sharing necessary information with employees Ensuring empowerment of employees through a good working environment Clear explanation on the expectation from the employees. Thus, employee fulfillment related positively to the performance of the business. There is also a significant relationship drawn between financial performance, employee fulfillment and customer satisfaction (Wang, Chen, Chen, 2012). The Transformational servant leader however believes their followers acts to serve the interest of the organization. Thus, the organizations that are able to create a servant minded and healthy culture will not only maximize the skills of the workforce but also the leadership thereby leading to its empowerment. However, Transformational Servant Leaders influences in a non-traditional manner thereby allowing more freedom to the employees in exercising their own abilities. Thus, Transformational Servant Leadership is a process oriented and participatory leadership style and this kind of leadership holds the antidote toward the corrupt ridden corporate scandal. Transformational Servant Leaders look for the interest of the organization and its employee thereby ensuring mutual responsibility sharing that leads to necessary feedback from the employees resulting in developing a vision (Boone Makhani, 2012). As the leaders helps in building leadership potential amongst its followers therefore the subordinates are likely to take up informal roles of leadership in their group that in a way helps in meeting the needs and objectives of the organization. This kind of leadership style thus helps in building a working climate that helps in generation of feelings for employee empowerment thereby resulting in superior performance. Organizations that follow transformational service leadership are more likely to have employees who are more committed to the values of the organization. In other words, transformational service leaders help in developing followers into servants who act as autonomous moral agents. Thus, under this kind of leadership the employ ees not only become healthy, wise, free and autonomous thereby leading to empowerment of the organization. The act of persuasiveness of the transformational servant leaders in a group also influences an individual commitment towards the organization. An organization or business however follows several positive outcomes under Transformation Servant Leadership that includes focus on value and mission, innovation and creativity, flexibility and responsiveness, employee loyalty and respect for employees, commitment to both external and internal service and celebration of diversity. Thus, Transformational Servant Leadership has the potential for improving the productivity and financial performance of the business or organization. Transformation Servant Leaders believed to possess attributes like empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship and community building. In addition to this, these leaders also possess attributes like credibility, competence, visibility, better communication, teaching persuasion and listening. There the concept of Transformational Servant Leadership is a concept that can not only potentially change societies, business or organizations but at the same time also ensures organizational and personal metamorphoses. Thus, this leadership follows a distinctive kind of characteristics and behavior. The attributes of these leaders helps in defining five factors that includes, emotional healing, altruistic calling, wisdom, persuasive mapping and organizational stewardship. Altruistic calling refers to the deep-rooted desire of the leader for making positive difference in lives of other. Here, since the final goal is to serve therefore these leaders will put the interests of others ahead of their own and thereby work towards meeting the needs of the followers. On the other hand, emotional healing refers to the commitment of the leader in ensuring spiritual recovery from any kind of trauma or hardship. Thus, transformational servant leaders use emotional healing and are therefore considered great listeners and highly empathetic. This enables them to create safe environments for employees for voicing professional and personal issues. Wisdom referred as combination of anticipation of consequences and awareness of surroundings. Servant leaders possess this attribute and are efficient at picking cues from the environment and thereby understanding their implications. The transformational servant leadership also possess persuasive mapping that helps them to use mental frameworks and sound reasoning to persuade employees in achieving the business or organizational objectives (Sun, 2013). Therefore, these leaders also prepare an organization in making positive contribution to the society through outreach and programs on community development. Thus, Transformational Servant Leadership help in developing community spirit in a workplace thereby lead to business empowerment. Analysis on Transformational Servant Leadership Transformational Servant Leadership should be able to synthesize features of both transformational and servant leadership. This type of leadership is responsible for bringing in dynamic and new passion to the organization but is also involved with the concern of the team members and their performance (Northouse, 2016). Thus, transformational servant leadership refers to the ability of casting a collaborative moral vision while concerning about the people participating in moving the vision into a reality. For better understanding, a personal example cited as follows: The example mentions a person was an intern in a securities company but he is not working presently. The person therefore mentions that provided the company had a transformational servant leader in his company then it would have been much easier for him and his colleagues who would not have to give an explanation their wives for working overtime. However, it is very difficult to be transformational servant leadership already because the first thing that is required is passion with the help of which the leaders are able to transfer positive energy to the team members (Parolini, 2012). This will enhance their confidence and thereby make them set higher goals. The transformational servant leader also needs to be caring and empathizing and think from the perspective of the teammate that will enable them to build a strong bond even beyond their work responsibilities. Such a leader also needs to have a charismatic appeal since it will help him make potential followers. Compendium Reflections on Transformational Servant Leadership Transformational servant leadership meant for inspiring and guiding followers in order to engage and bring a change in the work process. Four primary behavioral characteristics of Transformational Leadership include inspirational motivation, charismatic influence, individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation. These attributes enable them in transforming the followers mindset and thereby providing them support to participate in fulfilling the goals of the organizational goals (Gregory Stone, Russell, Patterson, 2004). Such leaders also help in developing people ensuring that they have the necessary skills sets for gaining credibility (Allen et al., 2016). Transformational servant leadership recognized as the best among all the existing leadership styles since it promotes and upholds not only the ideals of leaders themselves but also the society Boies, Fiset Gill, 2015).Transformational Servant leadership thus helps in promoting an ideal environment and enhances political stability. Transformational servant leadership also helps in promoting a psychology of leader- follower where leaders and their subjects work for greater gain of the organization (Van Dierendonck Patterson, 2010). Under, such leadership team members also become productive when they realize that the team is working in unison. This particular leadership style also helps employees to work with inspiration and passion thereby enhancing their productivity than what is expected. Thus, transformational servant leadership helps in fulfilling an organization mandate with comfort at any given time without any failure. Suppose if was a leader in organization then I would have demonstrated transformational servant leadership through intrinsic development and motivation of my team members. Therefore, my primary focus while interacting with the team members would be to share the goals and vision of the organization so that they understand what they need to do in achieving the goals. I will also ensure they receive proper guidance by taking feedbacks and understanding the challenges that they face at work (Hammer, 2012).. Through this interaction, I will try to support them by addressing their challenges so that they can easily achieve the organizational goals. As a transformational servant leader, I will try to demonstrate and define services to the employees as a visionary. Further, I will communicate with the team members in defining the purpose and goals of the organization. This will enable employees in achieving the goal of the organization. Therefore, effective communication is very necessary for such leaders. However, as servant leader I will ensure that the process of decision-making is takes place after communication with the team members so that everyones interest indentified. As a transformational servant leader, the ultimate goal of decision-making would focus on achieving good for all and driving sustainable changes in the organization. The empowerment of the team members will depend on understanding the factors that are responsible for motivating them which would enhance their job satisfaction (Choi et al., 2016).I will also ensure that I take regular feedback from the teammates in order to understand their perception of the job. Conclusion: The report ends with a compendium reflection on transformational servant leadership mentioned. There is an analysis on transformational servant leadership with a mention of a personal experience and the attributes necessary for this kind of leadership style. Primarily the report gives an overview on the role of Transformational Servant Leadership within organizations in the context of employee satisfaction and empowerment in business along with a brief description on about transformational leadership and servant leadership. References: Allen, G. P., Moore, W. M., Moser, L. R., Neill, K. K., Sambamoorthi, U., Bell, H. S. (2016). The role of servant leadership and transformational leadership in academic pharmacy.American journal of pharmaceutical education Boies, K., Fiset, J., Gill, H. (2015). Communication and trust are key: Unlocking the relationship between leadership and team performance and creativity.The Leadership Quarterly Boone, L. W., Makhani, S. (2012). Five necessary attitudes of a servant leader.Review of Business,33(1), 83. Choi, S. L., Goh, C.F., Adam, M. B. H., Tan, O. K. (2016). Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of employee empowerment.Human resources for health Choudhary, A. I., Akhtar, S. A., Zaheer, A. (2013). Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), 433-440. Clavelle, J. T., Drenkard, K., Tullai-McGuinness, S., Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2012). Transformational leadership practices of chief nursing officers in Magnet organizations. Journal of Nursing Administration, 42(4), 195-201. Diddams, M., Chang, G. C. (2012). Only human: Exploring the nature of weakness in authentic leadership.The Leadership Quarterly,23(3), 593-603. Gregory Stone, A., Russell, R. F., Patterson, K. (2004). Transformational versus servant leadership: A difference in leader focus.Leadership Organization Development Journal Gregory Stone, A., Russell, R. F., Patterson, K. (2004). Transformational versus servant leadership: A difference in leader focus.Leadership Organization Development Journal,25(4), 349-361. Hammer, D. (2012).Servant leadership. [Place of publication not identified]: Pacific Creek Books. Kool, M., van Dierendonck, D. (2012). Servant leadership and commitment to change, the mediating role of justice and optimism.Journal of Organizational Change Management,25(3), 422-433. Mittal, R., Dorfman, P. W. (2012). Servant leadership across cultures.Journal of World Business,47(4), 555-570. Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Parolini, J. (2012). Transformational servant leadership: a workbook with a fresh approach to leading well. Xulon Press. Parris, D. L., Peachey, J. W. (2013). A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts.Journal of business ethics,113(3), 377-393. Sun, P. Y. (2013). The servant identity: Influences on the cognition and behavior of servant leaders.The Leadership Quarterly,24(4), 544-557. Van Dierendonck, D., Patterson, K. (2010).Servant Leadership. Palgrave Macmillan. Van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., De Windt, N., Alkema, J. (2014). Same difference? Exploring the differential mechanisms linking servant leadership and transformational leadership to follower outcomes.The Leadership Quarterly,25(3), 544-562. Wang, C. H., Chen, K. Y., Chen, S. C. (2012). Total quality management, market orientation and hotel performance: The moderating effects of external environmental factors.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), 119-129.

Introduction Essays (546 words) - Semantics, Memory,

Introduction Memory is involved in all aspects of our lives and can be thought of as the to retain information and demonstrate retention through behaviour. We have vast amounts of knowledge stored in our memory system which we are able to access quickly and effortlessly, thus implying that stored knowledge must be highly organised to allow us to retrieve the appropriate information for a given situation. This organisation will be determined by the way that information is encoded into memory, and the way knowledge is organised will determine the type of process required to access that information on a future occasion. Craick and Lockhart(1972) argued that any item entering the memory system is analysed in stages. The early stages analyse perceptual properties of the item, such as visual or acoustic properties. Later stages analyse its meaning, including the categories it fits into and its connections to other items in memory. Each level of processing leaves a trace in memory. The deeper the level of processing, the stronger the trace and the more durable the memory. Conversely, the shallower the level of processing, the more transitory will be the memory. Rowe(1974) showed that semantic encoding leads to more effective learning than phonemic encoding, which in turn is more effective than visual encoding. The assumption is that semantic processing is somehow a deeper sort of encoding. Hyde and Jenkins(1973) used five different orienting tasks. Participants were presented with lists of words for three seconds and had to complete one of the following tasks: 1. Rate the word for pleasantness. 2. Estimate the frequency of use of the word. 3. Detect the presence of particular letters in the word. 4. Decide the appropriate part of speech of the word. 5. Make decisions as to weather or not the fits into sentence frames. Hyde and Jenkins argued that conditions 1 & 2 required semantic processing whereas the others did not. Craick and Lockhart(1972) devised an incidental learning procedure in which subjects were deliberately not asked to remember items, so that it prevented them from processing everything in the best possible way in order to remember them. According to Craick and Lockhart's theory, the difference between each level of processing is the amount of cognitive effort we expend on memorising something. This cognitive effort is essentially the effort made in relating new information to old. The better we can organise new material i.e. relate it to existing knowledge, the better it will be retained. The aim of the present study is to verify (or otherwise) the findings of Craick and Lockhart and also to update and partially replicate their findings about levels of processing. The present study will therefore test the hypothesis that if words are processed acoustically or visually then they will be less likely to be recalled than if they are processed by meaning. Alternate hypothesis: There will be a significant association between words which are processed acoustically or visually and whether they will be less likely to be recalled than if they are processes by meaning. Null hypothesis: There will be no significant association between words which are processed acoustically or visually and whether they will be less likely to be recalled than if they are processed by meaning. These are one-tailed hypotheses.

Free Essays on Antisocial Personality Disorder

Antisocial Personality Disorder About 3% of men and 1% of women in the population have an antisocial personality disorder. There are estimates as high as 70 - 80% of the prison population has antisocial personality disorder. In later adulthood, symptoms diminish and the person may not be involved in criminal activity, though some of the basic personality characteristics may remain. Antisocial Personality Disorder is the most validated personality disorder. It has received more attention and has been studied more than any other personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by a pattern of disregarding and violating others' rights and safety Common symptoms of antisocial personality disorder are: Defiant: People with antisocial personality disorder do not feel it necessary to live by the norms and laws for behavior dictated by society. They regularly perform illegal acts that are grounds for arrest. Lack of remorse and empathy: Individuals with this disorder have no feelings of remorse for those whom they hurt. In fact, they may blame the victim for making them act in the harmful manner. They may rationalize why they have hurt people. Pg. 2 Self-absorbed: People with antisocial personality disorder are only concerned with their own needs and wants and do not care who they must hurt to achieving their goals. Because people with this disorder are so egocentric and lack empathy, they typically have few friends. Irresponsible: They have difficulty in fulfilling responsibilities and commitments such as jobs or financial obligations. Deceitful: People with this disorder display a pattern of constant lying, use of aliases, and conning people for personal profit or pleasure. Irritable and aggressive: Individuals with antisocial personality disorder are frequently involved in physical fights or assaults. They have little concern for the safety of themselves or others. Mental health professionals claim these people have an emptiness and sadn... Free Essays on Antisocial Personality Disorder Free Essays on Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder About 3% of men and 1% of women in the population have an antisocial personality disorder. There are estimates as high as 70 - 80% of the prison population has antisocial personality disorder. In later adulthood, symptoms diminish and the person may not be involved in criminal activity, though some of the basic personality characteristics may remain. Antisocial Personality Disorder is the most validated personality disorder. It has received more attention and has been studied more than any other personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by a pattern of disregarding and violating others' rights and safety Common symptoms of antisocial personality disorder are: Defiant: People with antisocial personality disorder do not feel it necessary to live by the norms and laws for behavior dictated by society. They regularly perform illegal acts that are grounds for arrest. Lack of remorse and empathy: Individuals with this disorder have no feelings of remorse for those whom they hurt. In fact, they may blame the victim for making them act in the harmful manner. They may rationalize why they have hurt people. Pg. 2 Self-absorbed: People with antisocial personality disorder are only concerned with their own needs and wants and do not care who they must hurt to achieving their goals. Because people with this disorder are so egocentric and lack empathy, they typically have few friends. Irresponsible: They have difficulty in fulfilling responsibilities and commitments such as jobs or financial obligations. Deceitful: People with this disorder display a pattern of constant lying, use of aliases, and conning people for personal profit or pleasure. Irritable and aggressive: Individuals with antisocial personality disorder are frequently involved in physical fights or assaults. They have little concern for the safety of themselves or others. Mental health professionals claim these people have an emptiness and sadn...

Project Portfolio Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project Portfolio Management - Essay Example According to Todd (2003) having a strong program for portfolio management can significantly lower risks and maximize the value of projects. It can strengthen communications between projects teams business leadership, encourage teamwork & responsibility in management of projects, permit efficient scheduling of project resources and eliminate project redundancy. The ultimate result is profitability and maximum value out of projects. It is crucial to follow best practices and key steps of project management. Firstly it is important to have an inventory of projects so as to have all the projects the organization is running in a single database. Second is to identify those projects matching strategic business objectives and then categorize the projects based on their scores. It is also crucial to proactively manage the projects and identify potential hurdles in good time. The article is very useful especially to persons involved in project management. While the author appreciates there one specific approach to portfolio project management, he points pins out aligning projects with strategy and embracing best practices as key success factors. The article also maps important activities that must be implemented while managing projects and therefore the information is very useful to project management teams but also business leaders and students of

Marketing Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing Law and Ethics - Essay Example Organizations today have to adhere to the minimum environmental and ethical standards while conducting their operations locally or globally (Schlegelmilch, 1998, p.7). The project seeks to present some of major ethical issues faced by organizations. In this context the case of British petroleum oil spill would be considered and the various CSR that the organization undertook thereafter. The company has been criticised of being responsible for some of the major safety and environmental accidents. Since then the company has been involved in a number of socially responsible activities and voiced their concern for the climatic changes arising out of such businesses. It has also tried to implement practices of curtailing the emission of greenhouse gases. The project then seeks to analyze and evaluate the interactions between the marketing practices and the moral, legal and ethical environment in which the company operates. ... These factors have not only been resulting in loss of the company’s goodwill but have also generated huge revenue losses. As the company accounts for a major strength of the economy, earning a bad reputation would eventually result in a shock for the British economy (Lustgarten, 2010). The thought that the company has not been acting in socially responsible manner causes damage to the economy as well. CSR activities must be such which contributes to the economy while a poor CSR causes damage to the economic benefit of the nation on the whole (Werther & Chandler, 2010, p.28). BP has also been accused of a number of major accidents which has caused injuries to workers working in the company. This has been responsible for the arrival of a number of legal issues. A number of rules and compliances have come up for safeguarding the interest of workers. Companies have to specially abide by such compliances in the form of compensating for the loss of workers in case they meet accident s and injuries during the time of service. Companies have to implement sufficient safety standards for ensuring the safety of workers and their wellbeing. Criticisms regarding ethical issues were pointed at the company when it was charged of manipulating the prices of propane. In fact In that case, it had to settle the issue with the United States Department of Justice. Moreover it had to make a payment of $300 million in the form of fines for the purpose. This can be considered to be a case of ethical failure of the firm. The above accidents and incidents also reflect the status of moral standards followed in the company. The families of those workers meeting with accidents in the company have been claiming compensation on

Business Task 2 on reflection Essay Example for Free

Business Task 2 on reflection Essay UAE otherwise known as United Arab Emirates is amalgamation of 7 Emirates namely Umm Al, Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah, Ajman, Sharjah, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Fujairah. UAE is the second biggest Arabian Middle East economy. The United Arab Emirates is the number 3 biggest in this region in crude oil exporting, following Iran and Saudi Arabia. It possesses the number 6 biggest recognized conservative crude oil reverse and the 5th biggest natural gas reserves. The swift growth in demand of water and electricity has generated the necessity to appraise unconventional power generation sources. In the year 2008, the United Arabs Emirates produced energy white paper on study of energy that confirmed that nuclear power to be environmentally friendly and safe alternative which would increment the prevailing plants of power in accomplishing increasing energy requirements. 2.1 Objective of this study accomplishment                The objective of this study of examining whether ownership structure matters for the performance of firms in United Arabs Emirates was achieved. Empirical evidence suggests that privately held firms tend to be more efficient and more profitable than publicly held firms. This shows that ownership structure matters. The question now is how does it affect firm performance? This question is very important because it is based on a research agenda that has been strongly promoted by La Porta et al. (1998; 1999; 2000). According to these studies, failure of the legislative framework to provide sufficient protection for external investors, entrepreneurs and founding investors of a company tend will maintain large positions in their firms thus resulting in a concentrated ownership structure.                  This paper aimed at looking at whether ownership structure has an impact on firm performance in UAE. This region has witnessed significant economic growth over the last few decades. The region is also facing turbulent times with respect to corporate governance practices, resulting in poor firm performance. Corporate governance issues are not limited to the Gulf region. From a global point of view, corporate governance has witnessed significant transformations over the last decade (Gomez and Korine, 2005).                The data that is used in this study includes 362 non-financial listed firms during the period of 2006-2011 from Thomson one banker, Thomson.com, DataStream and annual report. Panel data is used to analyse the impact of ownership structure on firm performance number of independent directors on the board are controlled for. The different types of ownership structure that are included in the study are: managerial ownership, family ownership, government ownership, institution ownership, foreign ownership and concentrated ownership. Evidence personal learning and development 1.0 Effects of structure on firm performance                  It is indisputable, managerial ownership, Chairman own share, institutional investors, corporate total own, institutional owner domestic and corporate foreign all have positive effects on firm performance. The evidence is also consistent with theoretical and empirical arguments. On the contrary, When Return on Assets (ROA) is used as a measure of performance; the evidence shows that government ownership has negative effects on firm performance in United Arab of Emirates oil firms. Therefore, performance of United Arab of Emirates oil companies is affected by government ownership.                  The relationship between performance and ownership structure also differs for firm specific variables such as leverage, GDP growth and firm size. When the Tobin’s Q is used, the relationship is negative for leverage, GDP growth and firm size. The negative and significant impact of firm size on firm performance when Tobin’s Q is used can be attributed to the fact that large firms have limited investment opportunities, which limit their potential to grow and make profit. Surprisingly, the impact of GDP growth is significantly negative. However, when ROA is used, we did not find any significant relationship with firm performance in United Arab of Emirates oil firms.                   This study also shows that there may be a necessity to motivate policy makers of United Arab of Emirates oil firms to ensure that banks practice the mechanisms of corporate governance effectively. This practice should be compatible for the business environment of United Arab of Emirates oil firms, whereas adopting the same governance standards in order to ensure unification of disclosure level among the banks. It is expected that the best practice of the corporate governance characteristics will contribute to improve efficiency, effectiveness and monitoring in the Islamic banks of UAE. Therefore, this can only be applied by developing the regulatory and compelling frameworks.                  In the last 4 decades, researchers have believed that there is a connection between the firm performance and the ownership structure. In this regards, there has been publications of many studies on different markets to inspect this relationship. This connection between performance and ownership structure dates back to empirical study of Mean and Berle in the year 1932 that got that the weakness of shareholding in a negative way influence the performance of affirm via an inverse relationship. Generally, the number of well-developed policies and the present legal systems are poorly developed in the markets that are emerging. These new markets, according to most analysis studies, lack protection for their creditors and shareholders (La Porta, 1999). 2.0 Ownership structure in relation to firm performance                  The issue as to whether ownership structure matters for the performance of firms has been an important subject of debate in the finance literature. Empirical evidence suggests that privately held firms tend to be more efficient and more profitable than publicly held firms. This shows that ownership structure matters. The question now is how does it affect firm performance? This question is very important because it is based on a research agenda that has been strongly promoted by most researchers in economics. According to these studies, failure of the legislative framework to provide sufficient protection for external investors, entrepreneurs and founding investors of a company tend will maintain large positions in their firms thus resulting in a concentrated ownership structure. This finding is interesting because it implies that ownership structure can affect the performance of the firm in one way or the other. It is indisputable; the lack of regulations in corporate governance gives managers who intend to mishandle the flow of cash for their own personal interest a low control level. The empirical results from the past studies of impacts of ownership structure on performance of corporate have been inconclusive and mixed up. References Gomez, P.Y. Korine, H. 2005, Democracy and the Evolution of Corporate Governance. Corporate Governance, 13, 739-752. La Porta, R., L. et al. 1999, Corporate ownership around the world. The Journal of Finance, 54(2), 471–517. Source document

The Challenges of Implementing The GAIN Program Essay -- Public Policy

The Challenges of Implementing The GAIN Program Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) no longer exists. A new era has arrived and the nation has moved in a completely different direction. In 1996, new legislation, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, was passed. Under this new Act, " The state and local governments wide –ranging autonomy, discretion and responsibility for serving poor women and children were returned to them. It does this by repealing AFDC, the nation’s welfare employment program (the Job Opportunity and Basic Skills Training Program), and the AFDC emergency assistance program. In its place, Congress and the president have authorized an unprecedented amount of block grant funding to states through Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)". In this paper, I will briefly identify provisions and rules under TANF, identify administrative policy and programs set-up to deal with the new TANF regulations, and discuss implementation of the Greater Avenues through Independence Program (GAIN) in relationship to administrative issues at the Regional Administrator (RA) level. TANF/CalWorks/GAIN In 1998, Los Angeles County implemented new rules under the TANF program. "TANF takes welfare in entirely new directions by creating a welfare cliff: a five-year, lifetime limit for receiving assistance from federal TANF funds. A state’s failure to comply with this requirement will result in its block grant being reduced by 5%." Through its California Work Opportunities and Responsibilities to Kids (CalWorks) program, cash aid is available to needy families who meet certain requirements. Under CalWorks counties are required to enroll single parent families in welfare... ...s and what and how they feel about the services of case managers. Provides comprehensive overview of consumers opinions to help in quality service. Stocker, Robert P. and The George Washington University and Wilson A. Laura and University of Baltimore. "Verifying Compliance: Social Regulation and Welfare Reform." Public Administration Review vol. 58 (Sept/Oct 1998) 395-405 Examination study of Maryland’s welfare reform system. Two procedures are given to aid with enforcing social regulations. Includes verification and program design, administrative concerns and lessons for policy analysts. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services " LA GAIN overview" http://dpssweb.co.la.ca.us/gain/overview.htm Overview of Los Angeles County GAIN program. List and discusses participant eligibility requirements, services available, and timelines.

Young people drive their political development

The term gigantic suggests a causal direction. Can these two very different viewpoints be merged? By Habeas Question-I : Political colonization has typically been defined as â€Å"the process by which people come to acquire political attitudes and values. † Colonization agents are, among others, the parents, peers, school, and the surrounding society. The term suggests a causal direction. Young people are socialized by others.Researchers sometimes talk about an gigantic perspective: Young people drive their own political development. The term gigantic suggests a causal direction. Young people choose their own ways to gain information and develop attitudes about society. Can these two very different viewpoints be merged? The current research has Identified several socializing agents In adolescents' political development. We know that parents, peers, the school, and the media are Important agents In shaping adolescents political and CIVIC values. Attitudes, and behaviors. Howeve r, researchers have studied this process through a unidirectional lens, that is, most often taking a top-down approach where transmission flows from parent to hill. From this perspective, adolescents have been considered as passive recipients in their political colonization. In 2002, McDermott and Chaffed wrote perhaps one of the most altering papers in the field of political colonization. In this article, the authors express the need for examining adolescents as active agents in their political colonization.The fundamental question is: should a top-down and bottom-up approach be merged when studying adolescents' political colonization? My standpoint Is very simple: It is not Just possible It is necessary. In order to give an count of how Influential agents and adolescents' agency can be merged, we first need to understand why the political colonization literature has examined youth's political colonization from a unidirectional perspective over the past few decades. Societal shifts and political colonization research over the past few decades The political colonization literature began to emerge in the mid-offs.The societal structures, political climate, and norm of that generation generally exerted a top- down mentality in several scopes of life, whether it was in the family within the school among other social institutions. Generally, the family would normally abide by a patriarchal and hierarchical structure where parents, particularly fathers, were most influential in the familial dynamics. Teachers would often have an authoritarian role with little democracy in the classroom climate.It is no surprise that social models were thus reflected In the work of political colonization researchers at the time. Whether scholars developed theories of communication patterns at home (Chaffed, McLeod, & Hickman, 1973) or role modeling behaviors (Fletcher, Elder, & Memos, 2000) to explain Intergenerational transmission, a top-down approach was objectification of childre n was evident in these models at the time. However, despite the slow changes of the social structures in society, scholars and their theoretical models did not catch up with the generational shifts.It was not until the re-birth of the political colonization research in the sass's that scholars began to re-consider, inspired by other disciplines, the idea that adolescents too, could be active agents in their political colonization. Modern society and new media Modern Western society has shifted towards a tangent quite different from the social structures in comparison to the sass's. Adolescents in these societies have been found to have more influence in the family and perceive more democracy in the family (Stain, Person, Burk, & Kerr, 2011).Politically, schools are also adopting more democratic climates in the classroom allowing children to feel more efficacious and involved in their education (Campbell, 2008). With the emergence and growth of the Internet and â€Å"new media†, adolescents today have easy access to information online, regardless of the influence of other agents (Mossberg, Delbert, & McNealy, 2008). Adolescents might be more inclined to develop an interest and engagement in lattice and societal affairs. They may take the initiative to seek information that is so readily available to them through the Internet.Online behaviors might transfer to offline behaviors; adolescents might be seeking information independently and initiating conversations at home or with peers about different political and societal matters. Again, adolescents should be considered as active agents in their political and civic colonization. Researchers have thus recognized the need to re-examine the way they think about transmission, how they examine adolescents political colonization, and the models they use to explain this.More recently, scholars have been using a bi-directional approach, that is, also considering adolescents' agency in theoretical models that can h elp us understand how adolescents develop their political and civic behaviors (McLeod, 2000; Sapphire & Chaffed, 2002). It became clear that merging the idea of top-down and bottom-up influences was not a choice, rather a necessity in the development of theoretical models in the field of political colonization. Conclusion It is vital for current theories in the field of political colonization to consider adolescents as active agents in their political colonization.

Healthcare Issues Related to Excess Utilization of Insurance-Based Systems and Tax-Financed Systems Free Essay Example, 3000 words

It is apparent that health care financing exclusively relies on revenue from governmental taxation. However, this form of financing has become unsustainable due to inevitable economic constrains, which is also marked by low or stagnant growth of the health care sector. Many low-income countries have third party financing covers, which cover only health care costs of a given or small part of the populace. For this reason, many governments have attempted to raise supplementary funds for the health care sector by introducing user charges (Sexton 2010). A good example of this concept is the 29 African countries that designed a national system of user fees. This is a cost-sharing scheme started by African ministers of health in 1987. This scheme focuses on inclusion of every member of a community in the participation of payment of something towards health care. The rationale for this system is to improve health services. With such deliberations, it is true to argue that low income countr ies have embraced the concept of user fee. However, a major concern has been how this concept affects developing countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Issues Related to Excess Utilization of Insurance-Based Systems and Tax-Financed Systems or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In essence, user fee has two roles. Firstly, they generate revenue, which translates to self sustaining health programs (Nyman 2003). Nevertheless, the extent to which this can be realized depends on price elasticity and demand, and also largely on the transactions costs of collecting user fees. User fee also plays a role of rationing health services especially due to the fact that imposing a charge on services would tend to divert away potential patients who might not be able to pay or even those who chose not to pay. In fact, studies have documented that the imposition of user fee reduces the rates of health service visits. An example of this is a study of the effect of a price rise in health facilities, in Zaire where de Bethune and colleague noted a decrease in utilization after there was a sudden increase in prices. A similar observation was made by Waddington and Enyimayew (1990), whereby three years after use fees were introduced in Ghana, a substantial drop had not been reversed.